[MD] Distinguishing Levels (Individual level)

[craigerb at comcast.net]

[Steve H]
> Communication implies some sort of language...

I can communicate my being in pain to you when I hit my thumb with a hammer, by crying out.  Animals can be taught by the herd to make certain noises when they are in danger.  When they have learned this, are they (intentionally) warning the herd or is it just stimulus/response?  For animals to think, must they intellectualize?
Craig